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MARINE PAINTINGS BY IVAN AIVAZOVSKY PART I
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American Shipping off the Rock of Gibraltar
Ivan Aivazovsky (1817-1900): Biography
Aivazovsky, by I. Tyranov, 1841.
Russian painter, master of the sea landscape Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born July 29 (July 17 in old style) 1817 in Feodosiya (Crimea).
He was the son of an Armenian merchant Ayvazyan (Gayvazovsky) and was baptized under the name of Hovhannes (Armenian form of the name "John").
Since childhood, Aivazovsky painted and played the violin. Thanks to the patronage of the senator Alexander Kaznacheev, the governor of the Tauria (Crimea) province, he was able to study at the Tauride Gymnasium in Simferopol, and then at the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg, where he attended the classes of landscape painting of Professor Maxim Vorobyov and the battle painting of Professor Alexander Sauerweid.
While studying at the Academy in 1835, Aivazovsky's work "Etude of Air over the Sea" was awarded with a silver medal. In 1837 he was awarded by the gold medal of the first degree for the painting "Calm".
In view of Aivazovsky's accomplishments, in 1837, the Academy's council adopted an unusual decision - to let him graduate (two years earlier) from the academy and send him to the Crimea for independent work, and after that, on a business trip abroad.
In 1837-1839, Aivazovsky created paintings in the Crimea, later he received a grant from the Academy of Arts and perfected his mastery in Italy.
The paintings "Landing at the Subashi" and "View of Sevastopol" (1840) were purchased by Emperor Nicholas I. In Rome, the artist painted "The Storm and the Chaos”. "The Cherkessian Pirate Boat", "Silence in the Mediterranean Sea "and "Capri Island". In 1843, he was awarded by a gold medal at the Paris exhibition.
Since 1844 Aivazovsky was an academician and painter of the Main Naval Staff of Russia, since 1847 - a professor, since 1887 - an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.
Since 1845 Aivazovsky lived and worked in his native Feodosiya, where he built a house on the beach by his own design. During his life, he made a series of trips: several times he visited Italy, France and other European countries, he worked on the Caucasus, sailed to the shores of Asia Minor, was in Egypt, and in 1898 made a trip to America.
His paintings "Views of the Black Sea" and "The Monastery of St. George" made him famous internationally. The painting "Four Wealthes of Russia" brought Aivazovsky in 1857 the French Order of the Legion of Honor.
In early 1873 in Florence, an exhibition of paintings by Aivazovsky received many positive reviews. He became one of the most recognizable representatives of the Russian school of painting all over the world. In this capacity, Aivazovsky was honored to submit a self-portrait in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877 Aivazovsky wrote a series of paintings.
In 1888 he finished a series of his paintings devoted to various episodes from the life of Columbus.
In total since 1846 more than 120 personal exhibitions of Aivazovsky were held. According to estimations, during his lifetime the artist created about six thousand paintings, drawings and watercolors.
Among them, the most famous are "the Navarin Battle", "The Chesma Battle" (both 1848), a series of paintings "Defense of Sevastopol" (1859), "The Ninth Wave" (1850) and "Black Sea" (1881), recreating the greatness and power of the sea. The artist's last works was "Explosion of a ship", describing one of the episodes of the Greco-Turkish war, painting, which remained unfinished.
He was a member of the Roman, Florentine, Stuttgart and Amsterdam Academies of Arts.
Ivan Aivazovsky taught at the General Art School-workshop in Feodosiya, which he himself founded. For the city population Aivazovsky built a gymnasium and library in Feodosiya, funded an archaeological museum and an art gallery. Due to his influence in St. Petersburg. At his insistence, a water main was installed in the city. Thanks to his efforts, a commercial port and railway were also built. In 1881 Aivazovsky was elected as the first honorary citizen of the city of Feodosiya. In 1890 in Feodosiya City Council installed a fountain-monument to the "Good Genius" in commemoration of the artist's merits.
Ivan Aivazovsky died on the night of May 2 (19 April according to the old style) in 1900 in Feodosia. He was buried in the territory of the ancient Armenian Church of St. Sergius (Surb Sargis).
His paintings are kept in many countries of the world, museums and private collections. The largest is the collection of Feodosiya Picture Gallery named after Ivan Aivazovsky, which includes 416 works, 141 of them are paintings, the rest are graphic works. In 1930 in Feodosiya at the artist's house his monument was erected. In 2003, the monument to Aivazovsky was erected in the center of Yerevan, in 2007 - on Makarovsky embankment of the sea fortress of Kronstadt, near St. Petersburg.
The artist was twice married. His first wife was his former governess Julia Grevs, and the couple had four daughters. The second wife of the artist was the widow of Feodosiya merchant Anna Burnazyan (Sarkizova). The elder brother of the artist Gavriil Aivazovsky (1812-1880) was the Archbishop of the Georgian-Imeretian Armenian diocese, a member of the Echmiadzin Synod, a well-known orientalist, and a writer.
MARINE PAINTINGS PART I
A Bathing Hut, Feodosiya
A Beached Ship 1880
A Corner of Constantinople from the Sea by Moonlight
A Lighthouse In the Moonlight 1849
A Moonlit View of the Bosphorus 1884
A Naval Engagement at Sunset
A Rocky Coastal Landscape In the Aegean with Ships In the Distance
A Sailboat off the Coast Of Yalta. View of Mount Ayu-Dag 1893
A Ship In Stormy Seas
A Steamboat Sailing by an Iceberg 1894
A View of the Bosphorus 1860 -1867
A View of Feodosiya 1898
A Windmill Overlooking a Moonlit Bay 1858
Pushkin and Countess Raevskaya In Gurzuf
Sketching by The Ayu Dag
Alexander Ii Crossing the Danube
Along the Coast
Among the Waves 1898
An American Steamer In Heavy Seas
View of the Port of Odessa 1867
View of the City of Feodosiya
Approaching City at Night 1889
A Ship on the Night Sea 1864
At Sea 1852
At the Water's Edge
In the Crimea 1865
Fishing Boats at a Napolitan Coast 1866
Boat In Moonlight 1868
Boat In the Storm 1870
Boat On The Nile with Pyramids Of Gizeh 1872
Bosporus
Brig Mercury Attacked by Two Turkish Ships 1892
Morning at South Ayu Dag 1885
Storm at Sea 1873
Byron In Venice
Calm on Early Evening Sea 1884
Calm Seas 1884
Calm Waters 1875
Calm Waters 1880
Capture Turkish Kocherma
Clouds Over a Calm 1891
Coast At Sunset
Coastal Scene with Stormy Waters
Columbus Sailing from Palos 1892
Constantinople at Dawn 1851
Constantinople Sunset
Constantinople, Tophane Mosque 1884
Constantinople, View of the Golden Horn with a Self-Portrait of the Artist Sketching 1880
Constantinople
Crimean Coast
Crimean Coast by Moolight 1898
Crimean Coast by Moonlight 1853
Crimean Coast In Moonlight 1859
Crimean View
Crossing The Dnepr River at Night 1897
Departing for Foreign Shores
The Survivor 1853
The Coast at Naples In the Evening Light 1878
Battle at Night 1853
The Wave 1878
Distressed Ship off the Black Sea Coast
Dusk on the Golden Horn
After the Storm 1895
Unknown
Evening In Crimea 1895
Farewell Scene on the Seashore 1859
Feodosiya 1817
Figures In a Coastal Landscape at Sunset
Fisherman off the Crimea
Fishermen on the Crimean Coast
Fishermen Returning Near Naples
Gibraltar by Night 1844
Gulf of Naples Overlooking Mount Vesuvius 1873
Big sailing ship off Capri 1858
Big Sailing Ship Off The Coast At Sunset 1855
Gunboat off Crete 1897
Ice on The Dniepr 1872
In Stormy Waters 1893
Ship in a Stormy Sea 1858
Rough Sea off a Rocky Coast 1893
Rainbow-1848
Frozen Bosporus Under Snow
Kerch
Kronstadt 1897
Kronstadt Fort Emperor Alexander 1. 1844
Coastal Landscape In Italy 1878
Naples Landscape
Lifeboat 1874
Loading Provisions off the Crimean Coast
Lowering The Boats
Marine 1843
Marine 1887
Marine 1889
Marine 1898
Marine At Sunset 1883
Marine Scene 1893
Marine 1886
Marine and Landscape Painter 1847
Moonlight Reflecting on Water
Moonlit Coast
Moonlit Landing 1895
Moonlit Night on the Dnieper 1887
Moonlit Seascape Shipwreck
Morning at Sea 1849
Morning In the Crimea
Morning on the Edge of the Crimea 1865
After the storm 1892
Naval Ship 1963
Nice 1896
On the Coast at Night 1875
On the Rocky Shore 1866
Passing The Rock of Gibraltar
Port Scene
Pushkin and Countess Raevskaya by the sea Near Gurzuf and Partenit
Rainbow 1848
Beach Landscape 1888
Rescue at Sea
Rescue at Sea off a Mountainous Coast 1868
Resting Ashore 1891
Reval In Estland 1845
Rocky Seashore 1876
Rowing Ashore by Moonlight 1895
Rush
Russian Shipping at Sunset 1888
The Disembarkment 1900
The Golden Horn, Constantinople, Moonlight 1900
The Rescue 1900
Sailing at the Mercy of the Sea in the Moonlight 1873
Sailing Boat at Sunset Flying the Russian Tricolour
Sailing Boats off Capri
Sailing off the Crimean Coast 1871
Sailing Ship In a Turbulent Sea 1881
Sailing Ship on a Stormy Sea 1870
Sailing Ship on Stormy Sea
Sailing Ships In the Coastal City
Sailing through The Haze
Sailing Vessel by the Coast In Moonlight, Crimea
Sailors Coming Ashore 1897
Saluting an Imperial Dignitary
Salvation
San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice
Ship on the Sea
Shipwreck On The Coast
Sea 1878
Sea Coast 1886
Sea Landscape
Sea Landscape
Sea View 1865
Searching for Survivors 1870
Seascape
Seascape
Seascape with a Sailing Ship and a Dinghy In Rough Waves
Seascape
Sailing ship At Mondl
Sevastopol
Ship at Moonlight 1884
Ship at Sea
Ship at Sea 1895
Ship at Sea 1895
Ship at Sea 1888
Ship In the Moonlight
Ship In the Stormy Sea
Ship Moored In The Bay Of Naples
Ship on a Stormy Sea 1889
Ship on Rough Seas 1888
Ship on Stormy Seas
Shipping Along the Coast 1879
Shipping Along the Crimean Coast 15 July 1872
Shipping by Moonlight off A Rocky Coast Feodosya
Shipping In Moonlight 1853
Shipping off Ischia
Shipping off The Ayu Dag 1867
Shipping off The Coast
Shipping off The Dutch Coast 1844
Shipping off The Island Of Ischia 1894
Shipping on a Moonlit Coast
Ships at Anchor off The Beach at Yalta
Ships At Sea by Moonlight
Ships Near the Coast 1886
Ships on a Rough Sea with Cliff-Lined Coast In the Foreground 1878
Ships on the Coast In the Moonlight
Shipwreck at Dawn 1867
Shipwreck at Mount Athos 1856
Shipwreck at Sunset 1868
Shipwreck at Sunset 1878
Shipwreck by a Snowy Shore
Shipwreck off the Black Sea Coast
Shipwreck On Stormy Seas 1886
Shipwreck on The Black Sea 1875
Shipwreck
Circa 1878
Stary Krym, a Fountain 1858
Steam Ship off the Coast 1882
Storm on the Black Sea 1895
Storm over the Black Sea 1893
Stormy Sea 1898